Journal of Language Studies

Abstract

Address Forms deal with theories of addressing. Every language has built a system to mark the relationship between people, in which it can be referred to as the addresser and the addressee. Different systems in different languages must be studied. The Iraqi Arabic language differentiates itself by a particular system that may consist of pronouns, nouns and verbs. This study tries to show the types and the strategies that build the Iraqi Arabic language system of addressing. Moreover, address forms may vary as a result of different factors as age, status and gender. This point needs also to be investigated. The current study aims at investigating the Iraqi Arabic system of addressing, that is, its types, strategies and structures, and investigating the effects of gender, age and status on the use of address forms in Iraqi Arabic language. This study is limited to study the Iraqi Arabic language system of addressing. It is

Abstract

This study tackles a new aspect that relates phonology and interpretation. It indicates that juncture may cause misunderstanding and therefore mistranslation. The significant problem is in relation to interpretation as it may not be accurate because the translators do not have good knowledge of certain phonological phenomena, and this causes phonological ambiguity leading to wrong translation. Thus, the translator cannot catch the idea of the utterance. The study depends on real test that is applied to students of fourth year in Tikrit university/ college of Arts/ Translation Department, to investigate the percentage of mistakes of

Abstract

Robert Lado (1957), as well as most contrastive linguists, have shown that the learner's first language may have a big role to play in the process of second language learning. Due to differences between languages, whether in their syntactic, grammatical, pragmatic, or phonological systems, difficulties in learning a second language may arise. One of the most frequent difficulties Arabic L1 students face when learning the English language is learning the English language grammatical system and their ability to communicate effectively according to that.
This paper pinpoints common grammatical mistakes which English learners make and possible solutions to such mistakes are listed and explained. Illustrations are given of how the differences between the Arabic and English language regarding the grammatical system cause L1 Arabic learners of English to make mistakes and errors in their English learning process and how this prevents learners from meaningful English communication. The aim of this paper is to prove that English students make similar grammatical and syntactic mistakes which are repeated and frequent. That is, many grammatical mistakes of Arabic native language speakers are orderly made and

Abstract

It is quite evident that autism is a problem children suffer from recently in real life. As such for its significant abundance, it has been presented in many literary works especially in drama. Such a case is particularly dealt with by playwrights who suffered from such a phenomenon in their own families as in the present case of Deana Jent. Jent presents autism as an urgent issue that hurts children in her play Falling. This paper sheds light on how children are ostracized by the society and the latter's negligence and lack of awareness which produces outcast children. In addition, this paper raises awareness, through exploring this issue inside theatre, on how such children should be treated. The American Psychiatric Association adopts many approaches to handle this case such as; Applied Theater Research and Autism Network (ARTRAN) which cites the theater to combat this disorder. Using theatre to get the communication in autism has been gaining popularity as it is an active means to overcome a lot of autism's disabilities . Theatre helps autistic teens understand how actions and words can influence in different social

Abstract

This paper is an attempt to tackle problems and difficulties faced by the university students of English when translating alternative questions from Arabic into English in their written performance. A questionnaire of 10 sentences taken from Modern standard Arabic is designed and distributed to a sample of 40 students. The participants have been asked to translate Arabic alternative questions into English. It is hypothesized that the learners of English are not fully aware when translating alternative questions from Arabic to English. The study aims at examining the students’ awareness of alternative questions and trying to focus on the problems that students face when they want to express the alternative questions in both English and Arabic in order to be understood and helpful for learners, translators and other

Abstract

This research is an attempt to show the similarities and differences of adjectival phrases in both English and Kurdish languages and to present how the two languages are rich in using adjectival phrases. English and Kurdish adjectives have some similar and different properties which affect language learning/teaching and translation. Adjectival phrases in both languages have the same syntactic and predicative functions. Moreover, in both languages superlative adjectives are dealt with morphologically.
Throughout this contrastive study, we will be able to recognize the mistakes and differentiate between the adjectival phrases in these two languages. As a result, researchers will know how to use adjectival phrases correctly without any confusion.
This study is of four sections. The first one deals with a brief

Abstract

Among British established dramatists, the most notable one whose theatrical works seem most related to Brechtian traditions is Edward Bond. Bond belonged to the first-wave generation of the 1960s and 1970s, who suffered from the dreadful outcome of the two World Wars. In his plays, one can notice some recurrent themes such as social injustice, persecution of minorities and lower classes, indictment of war and its proponents, disbelief in religion and authority, resentment of politicians and their hypocritical behaviour, etc. The paper, however, is limited to focus on exploring one of Edward Bond’s most significant works; Narrow Road to Deep North and argue that it represents the playwrights’ main attempt to use and develop forms of Brechtian complex seeing.

Abstract

This paper discusses knowledge and how its adverse effect appears upon human beings in Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. The she novelist shows that knowledge may have another ugly face, especially, when its use comes to destroy the world. The study starts with the introduction which presents, in brief, the meaning of science fiction and writing in this subject since the novel itself is a science fiction novel. Next is an overview about the novel , the circumstances of writing the novel , and the main ideas that Shelley has discussed in her Frankenstein. The second part of the paper analyzes some selected texts which show the quest for knowledge and its dangerous impact upon the world by exceeding the limits of life and death . Finally , the conclusion sums up the final result of the study as far as the subject is concerned.

Abstract

The scientific article examines the attitude of the Arab society to the Russian classical literature. In particular, special attention is paid to the consideration of the works of Arab critics devoted to the analysis of works by L.N. Tolstoy, F.M. Dostoevsky, M. Gorky and A.P. Chekhov. At the end of the article conclusions are drawn about the peculiarities of Arabs' perception of Russian literature.

Abstract

This research examines the features of the poetic discourse of Deek Al-Jinn in three areas. The first involves the Textural significance that is based on the stylistic formation through the use of language and the ways that the context provides in the treatment of poetic discourse. The second represents the rhythmic and musical structure of discourse, and the third deals with the shifts in the discourse which means the instability, that is, the contradiction and inconsistent views, thus explaining the poet’s lack of stability and his volatility. At the end there is a conclusion that sums up the most important results of the paper.

Abstract

Al-Asma'i has made a very clear effort in Arabization, and therefore, he was highly trusted by his contemporary scholars or those who came after him, such as Al-Khalil, Sibawaih, Abu Obaid, Abu Hatem, and many others, and his impact is very obvious on everyone who studied the Arabicized, the foreign and the generated words. Al-Asma'i had explained the Arabicized words and attributed them to the language that they came from ssuch as Syriac, Roman, Nabataean Aramaic, or Persian, as he was very well known for mastering some of these languages. This also indicates that Arab scholars had knowledge of these languages. It is well known that Al-Asma'i is one of the first scholars of language, and most importantly, he was known for knowing the origin of the Arabic language, and for collecting and classifying it in separate linguistic studies in the middle of the second

Abstract

Nature is considered a source of inspiration for many poets in different ages, in which the poet uses his imagination, wandering in its field inspiring from its phenomena and its elements ideas and images to help his poetic text creatively and aesthetically. This research deals with Apostrophizing the Silent Nature: Meditative and Philosophical Apostrophe, a study of the phenomenon of apostrophizing, which is an emotional discourse that emerges from the depth of the human self, loaded with deep feelings and emotions by which the poets apostrophize natural phenomena such as ( ruins- night – stars – wind – etc. ), and they attempt to make them talk using the device of personification to share their sorrows and problems in order to reduce the psychological, and emotional crisis they have experienced. In this case, nature was a friend and an entertainer to the poet who suffered from loneliness and alienation and what he

Abstract

This paper is a study of argument and dialogue in the honourable Hadith. The importance of this paper lies in that it deals with the importance given to argument and dialogue by Muslims, on the one hand, and that it deals with the honourable Hadith (tradition) of Prophet Mohammad, on the other hand.
Readers nowadays are in urgent need to know what is meant by argument and to differentiate between argument and dialogue.

Abstract

This paper deals with the coherence of semantic and structural formalism in Ibn al-Atheer's book Al-Mathal Al-Sa’ir Fi Adab Al-Katib wa Al-sha’ir. Ibn ul-Atheer used many terms that indicate the concept of cohesion in the religion of the son of the other and through his words in his book (the proverb). How to prepare acceptable text, and the conditions that must be provided to the writer and written in order to get the text in the best form, Ibn al-Atheer mentioned to the concept of what it means (the word cohesion of the text) such as (casting, speech systems, good systems, etc.), and this indicates that he was aware of the issue of the text and how to build it according to the newly emerged standards, but he quoted it in terms which existed in his time.

Abstract

Diversity the symbols that uses in faraj yassin stories ones: Historic, literary, cultural, Naturalist, Religious, legendary…. , the symbols proved their effectiveness in building the plurally career .and it's existed in the stories of relations social , and in the stories of war and her effectiveness' and in the stories that have accident , factually, and the externals that's happened in the Iraqi community

Abstract

Bahraq al-Hadrami (died 930 AH) is Muhammad ibn 'Umar ibn al-Mubarak bin Abdullah bin Ali al-Humeiri, al-Hadrami al-Yamani al-Shafi'i. He was awarded the epithet "Bahraq" Bahr: (Sea) indicating that the extent of his knowledge is like the sea, the addition of al-Qaf at the end of the word does not change the meaning, The study, which is part of the dissertation entitled: Bahraq’s Tuhfat ul-Ahbab wa Turfat ul-Ashab fi Sharh Mulhat al-I'rab: A Grammatical Study, demonstrates Bahraq’s grammatical approach through the use of the grammatical terms. It also demonstrates his tendency to do research

Abstract

This paper deals with one of the many aspects of manifestive image which is considered as the spirit and the foundation of poetry, thereby sending suggestive image that has powerful intrinsic meaning in language, by making the manifestive image a catalyst for the flow of the stream of utterances, to depict their meaning by clarifying their implications and their ability to affect the listener.

Abstract

These humble pages try to classify some of Al-Khaleel bin Ahmed Al-Farahidi’s phonetic achievements which are represented by tackling the manners and places of articulation of sounds. This work consists of three sections.
The first is about the efforts exerted in the scope of sounds places of articulation. The seconds tackles on those sounds manners of articulation. And the third is concerned with the studies and efforts related to phonetic terms that are employed in the description of both manners and places of

Abstract

this paper: "Lamentations in Al-Khansa's poetry: A Study in Contrast" is an attempt to define Ratha' (elegy) and to understand the rhetorical style of contrast in Al-Khansa's elegies for those who had strong bonds of kinship with her. Using the descriptive and psycho-analytical method.
The study begins with an introduction about "elegy" according to poets, writers and critics followed by an attempt to explore contrast in Al-Khansa's poetry and then a critical analysis of her use of contrast in her elegies. The study reached at some conclusions such as the diversity of Al-Khansa's elegies and her view of death as an enemy and

Abstract

The language of Holy Quran is still the Best language and the typical measure so the researchers pay the most attention to it because of its secrecies in addition to studying the differences of meaning in words of preventing and giving as well as their derivations in the verses of Holy Quran the review of these words and the differences among its derivations in language and Holy Quran forms and pattern in which its contents are determined according to its method appear its importance because the Holy Quran mentions the words in various in Quran structure or according to coming down and its reasons , for what the paragraph includes itself from a constructive and structural indication , and then the researcher went back to books related to language and explanation as well as the sciences of Holy Quran to stand on their meanings . The requirements of research enforce the research the verses of Holy Quran fir standing on these words so the researcher tries to describe it in the shape of joint objective groups . This research consists of an abstract and three sections. The first section is defined the prevention and giving of the language, While the second section devoted to the words in Holy Quran, forms and their meaning. The third section deals with the words of giving in Holy Quran (their forms and meanings). Finally, the study includes a conclusion summarized what the researcher reached to it in the recent research.

Abstract

This paper discusses the psychological dimensions in Hiwa Qadir’s poem "portreteki kal kal wak shebang" Hiwa Qadir is one of the modern poets in Kurdish literature, he writes in many fields. Language and poetic images are important aspects in his work. The paper is divided into three parts. Part one discusses the relationship between literature and psychology, due to the fact that literature is connected to the unconsciousness, which is an important aspect of psychology. The second part of the paper discusses the life of Hiwa Qadr as a child, human and producer. Part three clarifies the psychological dimensions. In this paper a method of psychoanalysis is applied.The aim is the indication of the hidden messages in the above mentioned poem. Finally, the paper ends with the conclusions of the study.